Discover Imperial Citadel of Thang Long: Hanoi’s Ancient Royal Grounds

Historical of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

Thang Long, meaning "Rising Dragon," was named after King Ly Thai To saw a golden dragon in the sky. It became Vietnam’s capital, shaping nearly 1,300 years of history.

In the 11th century, the Ly Dynasty built the Imperial Citadel on a 7th-century fortress. It had two parts: the king’s residence and administrative center (now Ba Dinh District) and the Outer Citadel for citizens.

Excavations in 2002 uncovered relics spanning 13 centuries, showing cultural exchanges with China, Champa, and France. Recognized as a special heritage site in 2009, UNESCO listed it in 2010. Today, it remains a symbol of Vietnam’s resilience and cultural depth.

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long showcases Vietnam’s rich history and heritage.

Practical information for visiting the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

How to Get to the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is located at 19C Hoang Dieu Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi. It is about 2 kilometers northwest of Hoan Kiem Lake in the Old Quarter.

Visitors can easily reach the citadel using various transportation options:

• By bus: Take Bus Route 22 to stop directly at the main gate on Hoang Dieu Street. Routes 09, 18, 33, and 45 stop nearby, with a short walk to the site. The fare is just 7,000 VND, making buses a budget-friendly option.
• By taxi or ride-hailing apps: Taxis and ride-hailing services like Grab are widely available in Hanoi. A ride from the Old Quarter to the Imperial Citadel typically takes 10 – 15 minutes, with fares ranging between 30,000 – 50,000 VND.
• By motorbike or car: Motorbike rentals are a popular option in Hanoi for those who prefer to drive themselves. From Hoan Kiem Lake, head towards Trang Thi Street, continue to Dien Bien Phu Street, and then turn onto Hoang Dieu Street. Follow the road until you reach 19C Hoang Dieu. Parking is available near the citadel, with fees of around 5,000 VND for motorbikes and 25,000 VND per hour for cars.

Opening Hours and Entrance fee of Hanoi Citadel

Opening hours: Open daily from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM.

Visitors to the Imperial Citadel can choose from the following ticket fee options:

• Adults: 70,000 VND (approx. $3).
• Students (16+) and Vietnamese senior citizens (60+): 35,000 VND (approx. $1.5) – ID required.
• Children under 16: Free (proof of age or height under 1.3m if needed).

Special Free Entry: Admission is free on Cultural Heritage Day (November 23). For assistance with group visits, please call 0904 386 156.

To purchase tickets online for the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, simply:

1. Go to the booking site: http://vedientu.hoangthanhthanglong.com/en/node/add/book-ticket
2. Fill in the necessary details on the form.
3. Finalize your payment to complete the booking.

Best Time to Visit the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

You can visit this iconic Hanoi attraction year-round. However, the best time to visit the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is during spring (February to April) and autumn (September to November).

• In the spring: Mild weather averages 20°C (68°F), with blooming flowers and lush greenery creating a perfect backdrop for your visit.
• In the autumn: Cool temperatures range from 18°C to 25°C (64°F to 77°F), paired with clear skies and refreshing air, ideal for sightseeing and outdoor fun.

These two seasons are perfect for avoiding the summer heat and heavy rains. Fewer crowds during these times also allow for a peaceful and enjoyable exploration of this historic site.

What Attractions to See within the Imperial Citadel

1. The Main Gate (Doan Mon)

The Main Gate (Doan Mon) of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is an ancient arched gateway leading to Kinh Thien Palace. Built with stone, it originally featured five entrances and was part of the grand Tam Mon Gate.

In the early 19th century, the Nguyen dynasty replaced it with the iconic Flag Tower. Archaeological digs in 2002 uncovered remnants of a Tran dynasty pathway with bricks from the Ly era. Further excavations could reveal the historical route connecting Doan Mon to Kinh Thien Palace and the Southwest Gate of Hanoi’s Citadel.

Doan Mon Gate served as the grand entrance to the royal palace.

2. Northern Gate (Cua Bac)

The Bac Mon (North Gate) is Hanoi's last Nguyen-era citadel gate, built in 1805. Its stone frame features lotus petal motifs and a plaque with the Chinese character "Chinh Bac Mon." Nearby, another plaque and cannonball scars mark the French invasion of 1882 and local resistance.

Archaeological finds beneath the gate reveal layers of ancient fortifications, showcasing Hanoi's 1,000-year history. In 1998, remnants of older citadels were discovered at depths of 1.66m and 2.20m. The gate's watchtower honors governors Nguyen Tri Phuong and Hoang Dieu, who died defending Hanoi.

Cua Bac Gate witnessed battles and remains a symbol of resilience.

3. Hanoi Flag Tower

The Hanoi Flag Tower, built in 1812 during the Gia Long era, stands 60 meters tall and comprises a base, body, and watchtower. The square base spans 2,007 m² and consists of three tapering tiers, each decorated with floral motifs. Access to the second tier requires climbing 18 steps from the east or west, while another 18 steps reach the third tier.

The third tier features four doors named "Nghenh Huc" (Welcoming Morning Sunlight), "Hoi Quang" (Reflecting Light), "Huong Minh" (Facing the Light), and one unmarked. From the lowest tier to the top, an additional 14 steps complete the climb. The tower is a significant historical landmark of Hanoi.

Hanoi Flag Tower stands tall as a historic military landmark.

4. Kinh Thien Palace

The Kinh Thien Palace is the central landmark and core of Hanoi’s ancient citadel complex. Located at the heart of the site, it connects key historical structures. To its front are Doan Mon Gate and the Hanoi Flag Tower, while the North Gate lies behind it.

To the east and west, walls with small gates enclose the area. Today, only the foundation of Kinh Thien Palace remains, serving as a reminder of its former grandeur and its significant role in the history of Hanoi’s imperial architecture and governance.

Kinh Thien Palace once hosted royal ceremonies and important state affairs.

5. Lady Pavilion (Hau Lau)

Tinh Bac Pavilion, also known as Hau Lau (Lady Pavilion), is located behind the Kinh Thien Palace complex within Hanoi's ancient citadel. Despite its position behind the palace, it is situated to the north, symbolizing its feng shui purpose of maintaining peace in the northern sector of the citadel. The pavilion is also referred to as the "Princess Pavilion," believed to have served as a resting place for royal attendants accompanying Nguyen emperors on their visits to Bac Thanh.

Lady Pavilion (Hau Lau) provided a peaceful retreat for imperial women.

6. D67 Revolutionary House

From the Headquarters - House D67 in Zone A of the Ministry of Defense, the Politburo and the Central Military Commission made historic decisions that marked milestones in Vietnam's revolutionary history. These include the Tet Offensive in 1968, the General Offensive in 1972, victories in two wars against the United States culminating in the 12-day battle at the end of 1972, and the 1975 General Offensive, highlighted by the Ho Chi Minh Campaign.

D67 House reveals wartime secrets and revolutionary strategies.

7. Archaeological Site at 18 Hoang Dieu

Located in Ba Dinh District, the archaeological site at 18 Hoang Dieu is Vietnam’s largest excavation, covering 45,000 square meters. Unearthed artifacts and structures reveal a continuous historical narrative from the 7th century through the Nguyen Dynasty (1945). Excavations divided the site into four distinct zones:

• Zone A: Features remain from the Dai La Citadel and Ly – Tran Dynasties, including over 40 stone column bases.
• Zone B: Includes Tran Dynasty relics, such as lotus-shaped column bases and a preserved structure.
• Zone C: Houses Ly Dynasty foundations with square and wooden column remnants.
• Zone D: Contains overlapping structures from multiple dynasties linked to Kim Quang Palace and Hoang Mon Building.

The site highlights the rich cultural layers of Thang Long, with key discoveries including:

• Stone pillars: Showcasing ancient architectural ingenuity.
• Ancient wells: Offering insights into everyday life.
• Roof ornaments and tiles: Reflecting the artistry and craftsmanship of various dynasties.
• Pottery: Revealing trade and cultural exchanges over centuries.

18 Hoang Dieu Site uncovers ancient foundations and artifacts of old dynasties.

Shaded walkways allow visitors to explore while learning about the site’s treasures. Nearby, a serene lotus pond offers a peaceful retreat during summer, while Civie Coffee provides a charming spot to relax under ancient trees with a cup of Vietnamese coffee.

8. Art and Ceramic Exhibits

Your ticket to the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long offers access to unique art exhibits in historic spaces. Don’t miss these must-visit displays for stunning visuals and rich cultural insights.

• Thang Long – Hanoi Exhibit: Explore 1,300 years of history through 215 artifacts.
• Royal Treasures Exhibit: Features 29 key artifacts excavated since 2002.
• Vietnamese Folk Paintings Exhibit: Explore 50 traditional artworks inspired by Maurice Durand's book.

Art and ceramic exhibits highlight Vietnam’s rich artistic traditions. (Source: Hoang Thanh Thang Long)

Special Activities at Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

Night Tour at Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

The “Decoding Thang Long Imperial Citadel” night tour offers a unique way to explore this UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hanoi. Visitors can immerse themselves in over 1,300 years of history while enjoying an enchanting evening atmosphere.

Unlike daytime visits, the night tour provides a fresh perspective with interactive activities, stunning light displays, and cultural performances.

This innovative experience highlights the citadel's treasures, blending education and entertainment. Here's what you can expect:

• Walk through ancient gates and explore archaeological relics under mesmerizing lights.
• Watch royal dances and reenactments of imperial court ceremonies.
• Visit the Kinh Thien Palace to pay tribute to emperors of the past.
• Participate in the “Decoding Thang Long” game for a chance to win souvenirs.
• Enjoy lotus tea and snacks under ancient trees, symbolizing peace and prosperity.
• Capture stunning photos in traditional settings with costumed staff.

A night tour unveils the citadel’s mysterious and illuminated beauty.

How to book the “Decoding Thang Long Imperial Citadel” night tour

• Contact: Call the hotline at 084.845.5222 / 091.301.2021 or message via Zalo.
• Payment: Transfer the payment and join the tour’s official group. You’ll receive a confirmation voucher here.
• Enjoy: Wait for the tour date and get ready for an unforgettable experience!

Transform into Royalty with Traditional Costumes

At the Vietnamese Costume Stall in the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, you can rent traditional attire such as ao tac, ao dai ngu than, and ao nhat binh for 80,000–250,000 VND. This newly introduced service caters to visitors looking to dress up and capture memorable photos in authentic settings.

Visitors can wear traditional royal costumes and step into history.

Water Puppet Show

On special occasions like holidays and Tet, the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long hosts free water puppet shows, offering visitors a glimpse into this unique Vietnamese art form.

A water puppet show brings Vietnam’s folklore to life.

Nearby Attractions of Thang Long Imperial Citadel

1. Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum (2km)

Visit the resting place of President Ho Chi Minh, a revered leader in Vietnam’s history. Don't miss the changing of the guards, which adds to the unique experience.

2. Temple of Literature (2km)

Explore Vietnam’s first university, dedicated to Confucius and scholars. The Temple of Literature boasts stunning traditional architecture, lush courtyards, and ancient stone tablets honoring academic achievements.

3. One Pillar Pagoda (2.2km)

This small yet striking pagoda, built on a single pillar, is a symbol of Vietnam’s Buddhist heritage. Located near Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, the pagoda is surrounded by a tranquil lotus pond, creating a serene ambiance for visitors.

4. Hanoi Old Quarter (3km)

Wander through the bustling streets of Hanoi’s Old Quarter, filled with traditional shops, street food, and historical landmarks. Each street specializes in unique crafts or goods, offering a vibrant cultural experience just a short ride away from the citadel.

5. West Lake (4.5km)

Relax by the largest lake in Hanoi, West Lake. This scenic spot is perfect for walking, cycling, or dining by the water. West Lake is surrounded by temples, such as Tran Quoc Pagoda, and offers spectacular views, especially at sunset.

Tips for Exploring Thang Long Citadel Like a Pro

• Modest attire is recommended; avoid shorts, miniskirts, tank tops, and transparent clothing.
• Carry water, wear a hat, and apply sunscreen; shade is limited.
• Respect site rules, including restrictions on drone usage and obtaining permits for professional filming.
• Look out for special cultural events or exhibitions happening during your visit.
• Avoid touching artifacts or climbing on structures to preserve their integrity.
• Useful for observing architectural details and the surrounding skyline.
• Refrain from writing on walls, breaking branches, or picking fruits to preserve the site's beauty and history.
• Do not bring flammable or harmful substances to ensure the safety of the site and other visitors.
• Choose accommodation in Hanoi near Hoàn Kiếm Lake for easy access to Thang Long Citadel.

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a treasure trove of history, culture, and mystery. Walking through its ancient grounds is like stepping back in time, uncovering stories from Vietnam’s fascinating past.

Whether you’re a history buff or just looking for a unique experience in Hanoi, this UNESCO World Heritage Site won’t disappoint.

Ready to explore? Add the Imperial Citadel to your travel list and see the magic of history come to life!

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